How Poisoning Medications Work

Poisoning can occur due to the ingestion of toxic substances, exposure to pesticides or heavy metals, history of substance abuse, and age less than 6 years old. The goal of treatment is to neutralize the toxin, manage symptoms, and prevent further complications.

Gold Standard: Activated Charcoal

The gold standard for treating poisoning is activated charcoal. It works by adsorbing the toxin in the gastrointestinal tract, preventing its absorption into the bloodstream. This can be effective if administered promptly after ingestion of a toxic substance.

Alternatives and Adjuncts

• N-Acetylcysteine: Used to treat acetaminophen overdose by replenishing glutathione stores and reducing liver damage.
• Sodium bicarbonate: Used to treat acidosis caused by certain toxins, such as salicylates or methanol.
• Atropine and pralidoxime: Used to treat organophosphate poisoning by reversing the effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibition.

Diagnostics and Monitoring

Diagnosis is primarily based on clinical presentation, history, and laboratory tests. Diagnostic tests may include a toxicology screen, electrocardiogram (ECG), and complete blood count (CBC). Monitoring for symptoms such as vomiting, abdominal pain, dizziness, headache, and confusion is crucial in managing poisoning cases.